Purusha Suktam

Meaning:

Oṁ tacchaṁyorāvṛṇīmahe . Gātuṁ yajñāya . Gātuṁ yajñapataye . Daivī svastirastu naḥ . Svastir mānuṣebhyaḥ . Ūrdhvaṁ jigātu bheṣajam . Śanno astu dvipade . Śaṁ catuṣpade ..
Oṁ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ..

We request the Supreme Lord to protect the yajna and the one who performs it. May the divine grace be upon us. May all men be blessed. May the medicinal plants grow tall. May there be peace for the two-legged and four-legged animals. Om peace, peace, peace.

Sahasraśīrṣā puruṣaḥ . Sahasrākṣas-sahasrapāt .
Sa bhūmiṁ viśvato vṛtvā . Atyatiṣṭhad-daśāṅgulam ..1..

The Purusha (Supreme Being) has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes and a thousand feet. Even after enveloping the universe from all sides, he transcends it by 10 fingers. 

Puruṣa evedam̐̐ sarvam . Yadbhūtaṁ yacca bhavyam .
Utāmṛtatvasyeśānaḥ . Yadannenātirohati ..2..

All this is Purusha. All that has been and will be is Purusha. He is also the Lord of immortality, who grows without bounds through food.

Etāvānasya mahimā . Ato jyāyām̐śca pūruṣaḥ .
Pādo'sya viśvā bhūtāni . Tripādasyāmṛtaṁ divi .. 3..

This is his greatness. Therefore he is the foremost. A quarter of him formed all the living beings, and the remaining three quarters are immortal in  heaven.

Tripādūrdhva udait puruṣaḥ . Pādo'syehābhavātpunaḥ .
Tato viśvaṅ vyakrāmat . Sāśanānaśane abhi ..4..

Three quarters of the Purusha have risen above. A quarter of him keeps on manifesting here. From that the universe was formed, along with the living and non-living .

Tasmād virāḍajāyata . Virājo adhi pūruṣaḥ .
Sa jāto atyaricyata . Paścāt bhūmimatho puraḥ ..5...

From him Virat arose. And from Virat rose Brahma. After his birth, he grew immensely, behind and in front of the earth.

Yatpuruṣeṇa haviṣā . Devā yajñamatanvata .
Vasanto asyāsīdājyam .Grīṣma idhmaḥ śaraddhaviḥ ..6..

Using Purusha as a sacrifice, the gods performed a fire sacrifice. Spring was its ghee, summer was its fuel and autumn was its oblation.

Saptāsyāsan paridhayaḥ . Trissapta samidhaḥ kṛtāḥ .
Devā yadyajñaṁ tanvānāḥ . Abadhnan puruṣaṁ paśum ..7..

The sacrificial altar had seven enclosing sticks and twenty-one fuel-sticks. The devas then performed the sacrifice by tying up Purusha, the sacrificial animal.

Taṁ yajñaṁ barhiṣi praukṣan . Puruṣaṁ jātamagrataḥ
Tena devā ayajanta . Sādhyā ṛṣayaśca ye ..8..

The Purusha, who was born before all, was placed on Kusha grass and sanctified. The gods then sacrificed him along with the Sadhyas and the sages.

Tasmādyajñāt sarvahutaḥ . Sambhṛtaṁ pṛṣadājyam .
Paśūm̐stām̐ścakre vāyavyān . Āraṇyān grāmyāśca ye ..9..

From that sacrifice, everything was consumed. Then ghee and curds, birds, wild animals and domestic animals were created.

Tasmādyajñāt sarvahutaḥ . Ṛcassāmāni jajñire .
Chandam̐si jajñire tasmāt . Yajus tasmādajāyata ..10..

From that sacrifice, everything was consumed. Then the Rigveda, Samaveda, various prosodical meters and Yajurveda were formed.

Tasmādaśvā ajāyatna . Ye ke cobhayādataḥ .
Gāvo ha jajñire tasmāt . Tāsmajjātā ajāvayaḥ ..11..

From that sacrifice were born horses, animals with two rows of teeth, cows, sheep and goats.

Yatpuruṣaṁ vyadadhuḥ. Katidhā vyakalpayan.
Mukhaṁ kimasya kau bāhū. Kāvūrū pādāvucyete..12..

In how many ways did the gods divide Purusha? What were his head, hands, thighs and feet called?

Brāhmaṇo'sya mukhamāsīt . Bāhū rājanyaḥ kṛtaḥ .
Ūrū tadasya yad vaiśyaḥ . Padbhyam̐ śūdro ajāyata ..13..

His face became the Brahmins. His arms became the kings. His thighs became the merchants and his feet became the labourers.

Candramā manaso jātaḥ . Cakṣoḥ sūryo ajāyata .
Mukhādindraścāgniśca . Prānādvayurajāyata ..14..

The moon was born from his mind and the sun from his eyes. Indra and Agni were born from his mouth. Vayu was born from his breath.

Nābhyā āsīdantarikṣaṁ . Śīrṣṇoḥ dyauḥ samavartata .
Padbhyāṁ bhūmirdiśaḥ śrotrāt. Tathā lokām̐ akalpayan ..15..

His navel became outer space. His head became the heavens. From his feet emerged the Earth and the directions came from his ears. Thus the three worlds were created.

Vedāhametaṁ puruṣaṁ mahāntam . Ādityavarṇaṁ tamasastu pāre .
Sarvāṇi rūpāṇi vicitya dhīraḥ . Nāmāni kṛtvābhivadan yadāste ..16..

I have known that Supreme Being who has the brilliance of the sun, who is beyond ignorance,and who, after creating and naming all forms, enters them.

Dhātā purastādyamudājahāra . Śakra pravidvān pradiśaścatasraḥ .
Tamevaṁ vidvān amṛta iha bhavati . Nānyaḥ panthā ayanāya vidyate..17..

Knowing the one whom Brahma, Indra who is well- learned and the four quarters praised in the beginning, one becomes immortal in this world. There is no other path for liberation.

Yajñena yajñamayajanta devāḥ . Tāni dharmāṇi prathamānyāsan .
Te ha nākaṁ mahimānassacante . Yatra pūrve sādhyāḥ santi devāḥ ..18..

The gods worshipped Yajna through sacrifical ceremonies. Those were the first religious acts. They attained that heaven where the Sadhyas were before.

Adbhyaḥ sambhūtaḥ pṛthivyai rasācca . Viśvakarmaṇaḥ samavartatādhi .
Tasya tvaṣṭā vidadhadrūpameti . Tatpuruṣasya viśvamājānamagre ..19..

The universe emerged from water and the essence of the earth. From the creator, Brahma emerged. The Purusha then entered the forms which that Brahma created . Thus the entire creation of was formed in the beginning.

Vedāhametaṁ puruṣaṁ mahāntam . Ādityavarṇaṁ tamasaḥ parastāt .
Tamevam vidvān amṛta iha bhavati . Nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'yanāya ..20..

I have known that Supreme Being who has the brilliance of the sun and who is beyond ignorance. Knowing him thus, one becomes immortal in this world. There is no other path for liberation.

Prajāpatiścarati garbhe antaḥ . Ajāyamāno bahudhā vijāyate .
Tasya dhīrāḥ parijānanti yonim . Marīcīnāṁ padamicchanti vedhasaḥ ..21..

Prajapati  moves inside the  womb. Though unborn, he is born in different ways. The wise know him to be the origin of the universe. Even the creators desire  the positions of the Marichis.

Yo devebhya ātapati . Yo devānāṁ purohitaḥ .
Pūrvo yo devebhyo jātaḥ . Namo rucāya brāhmaye ..22..

Salutation to the effulgent Brahman, who shines for the gods, who is the greatest among the gods and who was born before the gods.

Rucaṁ brāhmaṁ janayantaḥ . Devā agre tadabruvan .
Yastvaivaṁ brāhmaṇo vidyāt . Tasya devā asan vaśe ..23..

In the beginning, the gods, creating the essence of Brahman, told it: "The gods will be under the control of the Brahman who knows you thus."

Hrīśca te lakṣmīśca patnyau . Ahorātre pārśve .
Nakṣatrāṇi rūpam . Aśvinau vyāttam .
Iṣṭaṁ maniṣāṇa . Amuṁ maniṣāṇa . Sarvaṁ maniṣāṇa ..24.. 

Modesty and wealth are your consorts. Day and night are your sides. The stars are your beauty. The Ashvins are your opened jaws. Grant us our desires. Grant us happiness. Grant us everything.

Oṁ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ..
Om peace, peace, peace.

This hymn is found in the Taittiriya Aranyakam. ie. Prapathakas 12 and 13 of Chapter 3. 

The Shanti Mantra is found in the  beginning of the Chapter.  

Notes:

The Purusha Suktam is a hymn unto the Cosmic Being, known as Purusha. The text is made up of two parts: Ch. 3 Pr. 12 of the Taittiriya Aranyakam called the Purva Narayana, and Ch. 3 Pr. 12 called the Uttara Narayana. The Purva Narayana gives a short introduction about the Purusha and describes the process of creation. The Uttara Narayana talks about the role of the Purusha in creation. The hymn ends with a prayer to the Purusha asking him to fulfill all desires and grant happiness.

Gayatri Ghanapatha

Meaning:

Oṁ bhū oṁ bhuvaḥ om̐̐ suvaḥ oṁ mahaḥ oṁ janaḥ oṁ tapaḥ om̐̐ satyam .

Seven vyahritis( invocations to the seven worlds)

Oṁ tat saviturvareṇ(i)yaṁ bhargo devasya dhīmahi .
Dhiyo yo naḥ pracodayāt ..

May we attain the most excellent splendour of the Sun god Savitr, who inspires us (to reach that goal).

om āpojyotīraso'mṛtaṁ brahma bhūrbhuvassuvarom ..

Om is water, light, taste, immortality, Brahman, the earth, the netherworld, and the heavens.

This hymn is found in the Taittiriya Aranyakam. ie. Prapathaka 35 of Chapter 10.

Pathakrama:

Oṁ tat savitus-savitus tat tat savitur vareṇyaṁ vareṇyam̐̐ savitus-tat tat savitur-vareṇyam .
Savitur-vareṇyaṁ vareṇyam̐̐ savitus-savitur vareṇyaṁ bhargo bhargo vareṇyam̐̐ savitus-savitur vareṇyaṁ bhargaḥ .
Vareṇyaṁ bhargo bhargo vareṇyaṁ vareṇyaṁ bhargo devasya devasya bhargo vareṇyaṁ vareṇyaṁ bhargo devasya .
Bhargo devasya devasya bhargo bhargo devasya dhīmahi dhīmahi devasya bhargo bhargo devasya dhīmahi .
Devasya dhīmahi dhīmahi devasya devasya dhīmahi . dhīmahi iti dhīmahi .
Dhiyo yo yo dhiyo dhiyo yo no no yo dhiyo dhiyo yo naḥ .
Yo no no yo yo naḥ pracodayāt pracodayāt no yo yo naḥ pracodayāt .
Naḥ pracodayāt pracodayāt no naḥ pracodayāt .. Pracodayat iti pracodayāt ..

Notes:

The Proper Gayatri mantra is found in Rigveda Mandala 3 Chapter 62.10. This Version of Gayatri contains the seven vyahritis before it and the 'apojyoti' verse after it. Chanting this mantra gives many positive benefits. This rendering is rendered in the Ghanapatha method.

About Ghanapatha: 

  The oral tradition of the Vedas consists of several pathas, or methods of chanting the Vedas. This tradition of Vedic chanting is considered the oldest unbroken oral tradition in existence. These different pathas ensured that the texts would be kept unaltered by comparing the different recited versions. There are eleven ways of chanting the Vedas: Samhita, Pada, Krama, Jata, Mala, Shikha, Rekha, Dhwaja, Danda, Ratha, and Ghana.

  The simplest of these pathas is reading the verses as is or Samhita patha. The next form was Pada patha. In this patha, the verses are split up into words, dissolving internal . The next form is Krama patha which involves reading two words at a time. These three were called Prakritipathas i.e. natural pathas, since the word order is maintained.

  The next eight pathas were called Vikritipathas i.e. complex pathas. For giving examples of their sequences, let a sentence in Pada patha be: a, b, c, ... y, z.

The simplest of these is Jata patha. The words are first recited in their original order, then repeated in the reverse order, and finally repeated again in the original order. The sequence is: ab ba ab, bc cb bc, cd dc cd, de ed de, ...
The Shikha patha is Jata patha with three words in each cycle: abc cba abc, bcd dcb bcd, cde edc cde, ...
The Dhwaja patha is slightly more complex. It involves a sequence of words being recited by pairing the first two and last two words. The sentence in Dhwaja patha would be: ab yz, bc xy, cd wx, ... xy bc, yz ab. 


  The sequence of Ghanapatha is as follows: ab ba abc cba abc, bc cb bcd dcb bcd, cd dc cde ecd cde,.... The density of this patha has given it the name 'ghana'(dense). This is considered the most difficult patha to master and also the best among the pathas. This is because every word except the first two and last two words appear thirteen times in a Ghanapatha method. Since the order of the words does not matter much in Sanskrit, chanting a mantra in Ghanapatha is equivalent to chanting the Mantra thirteen times.